James Lewis

Those who have been discriminated against know the importance of civil rights equality and how unbalanced these rights are dispersed. In a society dominated by white males, civil rights covers issues that deal with prejudices against both gender and race. Women and blacks have been the predominant proponents for civil rights, having always been the demographic groups that have suffered from civil inequalities.
Women have typically felt oppressed in a male-dominated society and have been proponents of civil rights for themselves as well as for other minority groups. During the years before Abolition, many of the main supporters to end slavery were white women who realized, while attempting to be a voice for slaves, that they themselves were a minority that was oppressed as well. This has led to the the Women’s Suffrage movement as well as Abolition for African Americans, the ending of child labor, and the birth of modern civil rights movements. From voting rights or civilian justices, any minority group such as women, children or racial groups that feel under represented can fight for their civil rights and their fair treatment under the law.
Typically it has been African Americans who are the voice of civil rights movements, having always had a history of inequality under the Constitution. From their days of slavery to Jim Crow laws and even under the present laws, African Americans are victims of racial hate crimes, racial profiling and social discrimination in civilian matters. However they represent the largest minority and many other minority groups that feel discriminated against can join the civil rights movement in an attempt to breed equality under the law.
One does not have to be a member of a discriminated group or a minority to join the civil right movements. The fight for civil rights can be fought by anyone who feel that people are still being discriminated and that the enjoyment of freedoms and exercise of laws are not shared equally by people of all groups and demographics. Rights that are available only to a select few hurt a society as a whole and it is important to the process of democracy that all citizens have equality. Anyone who supports a true democracy and the idea that civil rights should be given to all persons can be a part of the civil rights movements.
The civil rights movement that started in the 1960s in an attempt to give African Americans equality under the law was successful in its cause. Because of authorities such as Reverend Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks, African Americans enjoy many of the same liberties extended to all American citizens. Civil rights such as the right to vote, own land, attend the same public schools and universities and equal treatment in court are extended to African Americans because of years of fighting by the civil rights movement and organized groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). These groups have given African Americans more equality and enabled them to be a part of the democratic process. Without civil rights movements and people who are not afraid to speak up for what they feel is morally right, African Americans might continue to be racially discriminated, women might still not be allowed to vote, and children might still be exploited in factories.
Indeed, in countries which do not have strong proponents for civil equality, minority groups still suffer from exploitation and civil inequalities. Women in the Middle East continue to be treated unfairly and are stoned for adultery which is acceptable among men, children in South East Asia continue to be exploited in factories and are victims of human trafficking, having no one to speak up for them.

dissertation introduction

One of the biggest problems that arise in childcaring for younger children has little to do with the children–it is a problem that arises from a lack of communication with the parents. Parenting has many of its challenges, many of which are in the subject of child disciplining and teaching one’s child social skills when neither parent is present. Children in daycare supervision do not behave in the same manner as when under parental supervision. Although this in itself is not a problem, often communicating these discrepancies to the parent can be. Many parents are defensive about their parenting style and some simply do not feel the need for communication with childcare supervisors, treating them in similar manners as other service providers such as babysitters. It is this difficulty in communication between staff and parents that presents one of the biggest obstacles in child caring.
Analysis
There are several methods in which to overcome this dilemma, stemming from forced parent involvement to encouraging participation both in the classroom and at home. Forceful communication would be mandating regular parent and staff meetings in which a child’s progress could be monitored and discussed in a neutral manner, outside of the classroom. This requirement could be outlined in initial registration requirements, stating simply that parents must agree to regular scheduled meetings wherein the progress of their child is discussed. Alternately, demanding that each parent spend a minimum number of hours in the classroom to help is another way to force direct involvement and open the doors for communication. This would allow parents to see firsthand how the daycare institute operates as well as give the children reinforcement that their parents are very much a part of their life away from home. Many parents may feel burdened by the time consumption of such meetings, however if negotiated in advance, this can be alleviated.
Another method is to offer activities that include parent participation such as small outings or providing parents with useful dialogue to help them communicate with their child at home. Interaction and interest in a child’s daycare activities shows the child that the time they spend away from the parent is just as important as time spent with the parent, away from the daycare setting. This will also the parent to understand how the child feels about daycare thus encouraging involvement in their child’s daycare.
Either method can be used alone or together, the important facet being that all possible options for communication are available and utilized. Parents should expect to be involved in their child’s daycare life and staff members should also feel comfortable with contacting parents in regards to their child’s behavior.
Conclusion

art essays

Hindu religion places much emphasis on reverence toward nature and preservation of natural materials. Like American Indians who regarded the land and animals as sacred and Islam that teaches peace towards all animals, Hindus have a morally based respect for the land and consider wastefulness and destruction of resources ethically erroneous. Trees, rivers and animals are not to be taken advantage of and should be treated with reverence and frugality.
America has bred a different religion toward the use of natural resources. The nation of abundance, consumerism and capitalistic greed has led to abuse of the environment, wastefulness of natural resources and complete ignorance in areas of preservation and respect. It is a country that thrives on more of everything and profusion of materials. Americans use the most electricity, constructed a society based on the need for an automobile and turn on water taps as if there is unlimited availability of this precious resource. No where else in the world is such waste produced and so little done to alleviate the consequences of energy use, air pollution and lack of recycling.
Only now have measures been taken to help reduce the erroneous effects of environmental neglect and abuse. Governments have begun to focus their efforts to alternative energy sources and ways of urging individuals to “go green” on their own by offering incentives. But because America is the country of religious freedom, it is difficult for a religion to hold its followers morally accountable for environmental damage. Religions would argue that it is only up to God to impose such regulations and that holding followers “morally responsible” is not the church’s jurisdiction. Indeed this would make little difference in America where the population of atheists and agnostics is larger than in other countries and most citizens who claim a religious affiliation never practice it anyway.
The Catholic church has recently taken actions into their own hands and in early March the Vatican officially announced that “environmental pollution” is on the list of the “Seven Sins of the Modern Era.” Feeling that the Biblical sins outlined and made popular by works of literature such as Dante’s Inferno are outdated and irrelevant to important ethical issues at hand today, the Vatican made several changes to the moral sins that are punishable. Among them included engaging in research pertaining to genetic engineering, accumulation of obscene riches and surprisingly, environmental pollution. Although not explicitly a strong belief of Catholicism and certainly not one practiced in Biblical times, pollution is now considered a moral sin and a part of the Catholic repertoire of belief.

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The Pygmies are a hunting and gathering peoples from the rain forests and jungles of Central Africa in the countries now known as Cameroon, Gabon and Congo. They are characterized by their short stature and although the term “Pygmy” is derogatory, no other term has been presented a an alternative, with many individual tribes preferring to be referred to by their tribe name. In all tribes, music is an inherent and essential aspect in all Pygmy daily activities and is a constant of their way of life. Each activity from healing to basket making, sacred rituals to every day games, contains music as well as dance. Indeed, music is an irreplaceable and important part of a Pygmy’s life and all Pygmies participate in the singing and dancing of their culture.
African Pygmy music is particularly characterized by the vocals which contain contrapuntal communal improvisation. Although polyphonic complexity of the music is dense and follow strict cyclical patterns, the Pygmies do not recognize their music in this rigid, mathematical framework and simply learn it from growing up and being immersed in the culture (Brandel, 1956). The numerous musical forms are almost exclusively vocal and polyphonic and is based on “repetitive melodic-rhythmical formulas, with micro variations and a great deal of individual improvisation,”(Campagnoli, n.d.).
A common vocal technique used is referred to as Jodel which utilizes the rapid passage from head o chest voice, performed on sounds without meaning, much in the same manner as European Alpine yodelling. Typically one member begins an individual repeating melody and after a few minutes, another joins in with yet another melody with its own rhythm and cycle. These vocalisations are utilised in every song and can be sung by any member of the tribe, at any given time. All the individual sounds form a polyphonic harmony that in many ways mimics the very sounds of the forests.
The majority of the instruments used by the central African Pygmies come from previous exchanges with bantu peoples and other tribes living on the edges of the central African forests. These include instruments such as the cylindrical drum, arched harp (ieta), harp-zither (ngombi), lamella phones and other modes of rattles made from local resources ,”(Campagnoli, n.d.). Flutes and standing musical bows (limbidi) are also used and played most often by the women.
Water drumming is popular style that characterises Pygmy music. The Pygmy peoples literally “play the water” by standing about waist high in the river and slapping the surface of the water with cupped hands. Each person plays a different rhythmic pattern that together form a more complex syncopated rhythm. Water drumming is a good example of how music is in the everyday activities of the Pygmies, even in something as simple as bathing as in the river

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