James Lewis

Introduction
Reformation led to the revival of a strong belief of the teachings of the Bible which had been trampled by the catholic papacy. The fire of reformation was never put off by the catholic heresy and false pretences as the reformers dug deep into the Bible to unravel the hidden truths, and indeed they did. This truth set Europe and the rest of the world free although by rivers of blood.
Catholic Church and Protestant Reformation
Reformation started in 1517 in Europe. In early 16th century, Reformation was the ever greatest Christian movement that was started by Martin Luther to restore biblical teachings that have been trampled down by the Roman Empire and papacy. One of the causes of this reformation was indulgences which were not defined by Bible. Another cause of the protestant reformation was the killings of the earlier reformers like John Huss, Wycliffe and many others by the Roman Catholic or papacy. Moreover, the cause of the reformation was because Roman Catholic was no longer using and standing by the Bible principles. They were corrupt and they even acquired wealth through bloody hands. Learned men had discovered the truth and they were agitated to reform the church. Prophetically this was the right time to start the reformation.
The most important cause of reformation was to oppose the conduct and papacy’s claims of pardoning sins of people. They claimed to be the intermediaries between God and mankind therefore the pope had powers to forgive sins. People killed others and they went to pope to be forgiven after giving him some money, an open defiance to the Bible’s teachings which they confessed that it was their guide. They also believed in purgatory, in that if a person dies a sinner pope or priests will be given gifts to pray for him so that his soul goes to heaven and he will never go to hell. These were false teachings and beliefs which justified reformation to take place. The reformers referred every teaching to the Holy Bible.
This period of time was referred to as dark ages which many definitions but this is the time when the truth had been banished in Europe. It is not that dark denotes little or unknown, but during this period the state and the church were united and the Roman emperors were rulers in their various kingdoms. Kings who were under the Romans got decrees from the Roman emperors. Through these excessive powers the truth of the bible was subverted. The earlier reformers who wanted to reform the church and return the Bible teachings were butchered mercilessly. The dark ages got its definition from these atrocities that met the true preachers of the truth, those who were opposed to papacy. There were untold and horrible massacres of reformists everywhere in Europe.

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In this papеr, wе will еlaboratе on diffеrеnt aspесts of Rеalism, Imprеssionism, Post – Imprеssionism, Fauvism and Northеrn Еxprеssionist movеmеnts.

Rеalism

If a paintеr wishеd to addrеss himsеlf to thе vast unsophistiсatеd publiс, an еasy solution sееmеd to bе affordеd by thе rеalistiс anесdotе, a favoritе typе of art in еarly ninеtееnth-сеntury Franсе, as rеprеsеntеd by thе piсturеs of latеr of Mеissoniеr. Thе small sizе of thеsе paintings madе thеm suitablе for middlе-сlass homеs, and all tеll lеgiblе storiеs with whiсh an ordinary pеrson сould fееl somе familiarity, еithеr through pеrsonal еxpеriеnсе of lifе in homе, сity or сountry, or through nеws storiеs of advеnturеs on thе high sеas and battlеfiеlds. Thеsе еpisodеs wеrе paintеd as thе spесtator thought hе might rеally sее еvеnts with his own еyеs.
Rеalistiс anесdotal art сombinеd an еmotional or psyсhologiсal appеal with its illustrational intеrеst in suсh works as Rippingvillе’s painting of 1819, Thе Post Offiсе, whosе subjесt was “thе dеlivеry of Lеttеrs and Nеwspapеrs at thе Post Offiсе and thе various imprеssions on thе minds of thosе who pеrusе thеm.” (Arnason еt al 1997) Of сoursе, еasy сommuniсability is not nесеssarily a sign of supеrfiсiality, as wе сan sее in thе works of Hogarth and Сhardin, of David who was aсquaintеd with Mеngs’ doсtrinе that thе bеautiful appеals to thе majority, and of Goya and Daumiеr, Сonstablе and Сorot. In Сourbеt, Rеalism еvеn bесamе еpiс in its glorifiсation of thе familiar. Oftеn “rеalistiс” paintings unitеd dеmoсratiс intеnt and high purposе. Thе idеalistiс and lеarnеd Ruskin praisеd Wilkiе’s art “bесausе it touсhеs passions whiсh all fееl and еxprеssеs truths whiсh wе сan rесognizе.” (Arnason еt al 1997) But oссasionally thе purposе of somе rеalistiс art sееmеd too low. Whilе this problеm was aссеntuatеd in thе nеw situation of art and artist, it had not risеn suddеnly.

Imprеssionism and Post-Imprеssionism

Thе word post-imprеssionism is not a vеry prесisе tеrm, though it is сеrtainly a vеry сonvеniеnt onе. In a broad sеnsе it сovеrs thе pеriod from about 1886, whеn thе imprеssionists hеld thеir last and inсomplеtе еxhibition at whiсh thе nеo-imprеssionists appеarеd for thе first timе, until somе twеnty yеars latеr, whеn сubism was born and with it a сomplеtеly nеw еra whiсh ushеrеd in what wе may сall сontеmporary art. (Arnason еt al 1997) With thе Salon thе imprеssionist group opеnеd its еighth еxhibition in whiсh, howеvеr, fеw of thе original imprеssionists appеarеd. Most talkеd about was a narrow room whеrе Sеurat Grandе Jattе hung surroundеd by сanvasеs signеd Signaс and Pissarro, donе in a similar tесhniquе. In a small hallway Odilon Rеdon prеsеntеd a sеriеs of drawings in blaсk and whitе, subtlе yеt full of a mystеrious powеr.

abstract writing

In Maui Hawaii, there is a mix of ways to have fun. Joy can be found in the ocean and nature, and also there are “museums, shops, and restaurants” to visit (“ABOVE CLOUDS”).
How to Spend a Day in Maui Hawaii?
In the early morning it is a great idea to go to the beach and swim when there is nobody around. Cool breeze is hitting the beach while waves are moving and making a beautiful noise. What could increase the joy is having breakfast in this quiet atmosphere. The best breakfast would be juice and sandwiches. During the day, waves are getting stronger; so it is the perfect time for surfing. Sunbathing on the beach under the warm light of sun is another option. After that, having a lunch in the sun is the perfect thing to do. The best choice is grilled fish to get matched with the atmosphere. The best thing to do after lunch is to have a drink with a little umbrella in the cup. The time between the evening and the late night is the time to double the joy. Using torches as a source of light at night, nice local people dancing to the sound of drums; all of these elements create the true meaning of a night joy. Having a drink and dancing to the sound of drums with local people will increase the joy. Finally, it is the time to have a dinner that consists of traditional local dish. The end of the day must be sleeping on a bed tied between two palms next to the beach. The sound of waves will make sleeping a great journey.
Conclusion
In Maui Hawaii there is no time to have a rest from fun. Fun there is 24 hours daily.

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There are many professions one can go into for their career but one of the more interesting and challenging professions is that of an engineer. Engineering covers many aspects of daily life and certainly there are many sub-fields of engineering one can pursue. There are many factors to consider when choosing a profession. Here are a few points that make engineering a career worth pursuing.
Engineering is a profession that pays well. Because of the high level of training required for an engineer, they subsequently hold higher paying jobs. Civil engineers who develop bridges, building, or road works are paid handsomely for their hours of dedication and hard work. Their years of university education pay off because the knowledge they have comes at a high price. These high salaries lead to a higher standard of living which enables one to provide for their family adequately. A high salary and job stability also enable engineers to suffer less financial stress as well.
In polls, engineers often admit to having a high scale of job satisfaction. The field of engineering covers so much ground and changes with each new technological advancement and research made. This makes it continually interesting and challenging for the engineer. It also enables career development which can be highly satisfactory. And because the role of an engineer requires critical thinking on a daily basis, one is continually challenged, finding less boredom and more satisfaction in the work environment.
For those interested in ways to help better the environment, engineering can provide just that outlet. It is the role of many engineers to develop new technologies that are more energy efficient and create fewer emissions. Engineers are the pioneers who provide alternatives to growing vegetation. The people who innovate and create new technologies to replace old methods that are harmful to the environment is also in the hands of engineers. Indeed, one may say that it is the engineers of society who work the hardest at reducing the human footprint on the global environment.
Engineers also have an important role in strengthening the economy. The creation of new technologies by engineers in turn creates more jobs for others, stimulating economic growth. The development of machines that make jobs easier and less stressful for others is also part of what engineering can entail and machines that are developed by engineers make production lines more efficient in manufacturing plants worldwide. All factory machines, roadways, public buildings and bridges are designed and developed by engineers. Without their contributions to society, many people would not have a place to go to work and much manufacturing processes would still have to be done by hand, a slow and inefficient process.

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This paper, by referring to the major political and economical issues present at Boeing, evaluates the company’s organizing function of management as it relates to human resources, knowledge, and technology.
Boeing employed the success paradigm approach while it was going through significant business volume increase in both of its main markets–commercial jet liners and military air vehicles. Boeing’s 7?7 group of jet liners grasped a huge share of the commercial airline market with well-accepted models such as the 737, 747, 757, 767, 777, and the projected 787. Boeing managed to do this despite of intense rivalry from American producers such as McDonnell Douglas and the European association Airbus Industries, which gained significant subsidies from a number of European governments (Smith 2001). Military business Boeing competed for during this time covered contracts for military air jets of all sorts (e.g. the stealth fighter, the stealth bomber, B-1B and B-2 bombers, as well as significant deals having to do with the B-52 bomber and the KC-135 tanker). Boeing also rivaled for deals in planned space station, helicopters, and pilot-less drones. As the result the company won over an cut-throat competition to manufacture the new presidential air jet – Air Force One (Smith 2001). Competitive conditions existed in these two markets that ever more demanded high technology computing answers in areas such as IT-aided design and producing of actual planes.
Currently, Boeing is considered to be one of the world’s most identifiable and valuable brand-names. In a time of growing economic disintegration, Boeing’s presence as a leading force in the U.S. industrial market helps many other players in the U.S. economy. In a time of unification of military contractors, Boeing has appeared as one of maybe three or four military-industrial market actors competent of meeting the wants of the US military across a range of product lines (Piasecki 2005).
Every day, more than three million travelers board 42,300 flights on Boeing airplanes, more than 345 satellites launched into orbit by Boeing carrying vehicles pass in the clouds and 6,000 Boeing military jets present shield with air forces of 23 independent states and every division of the U.S. armed forces (Boeing Annual Report, 2005). Boeing is the major aerospace corporation in the world and a main U.S. exporter. Boeing has placed a considerable investment in its Safety System, which covets historical loss data for the whole organization, and equips Boeing with the ability to examine the corporation’s risk portfolio and project the influence of different insurance structures on the firm’s cost of risk. Boeing’s associated litigation, alterations in federal, state and local policies with regard to worker’s health and safety and the environment is also a great advantage in the commercial air transport sector (Piasecki 2005).
During its storied history, Boeing has created a can-do reputation that borders on haughtiness. While competitor plane manufacturers have come and gone, Boeing has appeared as the nation’s 11th-largest company, its biggest exporter and a leading force in the Northwest economy with 115,000 employees in Washington state. To be fair, besides being a successful company, Boeing has experienced some serious troubles in the recent past. This company, renowned for its assurance, instead was grappling with serious uncertainty when its commercial air jet division was adversely affected by constant parts shortages and an outdated production method. There were even widespread gossips that an argument has broken out among company directors over the strategic development of the company in the future (Towards the wild blue yonder 2002).

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