James Lewis

Recent global developments have given policy makers the world over reasons to question the posture of their individual security policies. The hardest hit by this dilemma is no doubt the United States and her allies, consequently culminating into what some analyst have described as the pursuit of a rather controversial unilateral security policy posture. In a monumental work of scholarly exuberance, Micheal Humphreh’s “The politics of atrocity and reconciliation” throws an unusually deep critique of what the contemporary global order looks like, with empirical reference to United States’ security standing.
In the wider scope, Humphrey highlights a number of themes which however exhibit a conspicuous leaning towards the questions of the impact of globalization on the contemporary cultural and social order. Beyond that, the reverberating questions surrounding the consequences these forces have on the practice of politics in the nation state. A number of disturbing paradoxes are explored here, with an inquisition into the immediate and remote factors that incite extremism and intolerance which is crystallized into violent radicalism by both state and non-state actors. The mention of this brings the United States and her war on terror to the limelight.
In the last few years the level of politically colored acts f violence has ascended over three folds. We read of it happening across, Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe. In the same vein, efforts have also been galvanized in providing remedying effects by way of policies that will promote the establishment of platforms of reconciliation. A discussion of the success level or otherwise of the reconciliation process seeks to the identities and roles that define what the whole reconciliation process is all about. In tandem to what Humphrey has said then, there is credible grounds to believe that ultimately the process of reconciliation serves the purpose of the survivor to a very negligible scale.
The Concept of Reconciliation
In the annals of human civilization, the concept of reconciliation has been used to loosely describe what is otherwise a complex process of aligning a wounded past to an existing fractured conflicting human relationship. In many ways, it could be said to be ambivalent series of activities that provide a soothing effect. What this analysis presents is that in a typical reconciliation process there is evidence of competing and often conflicting claims of right. In many instances, social and singular interest is subsumed in these matters whereby social good is identified with individual benefit. In a related case, slippage tends to obscure the disparity between singularity and sociality, a laps which cannot simply be bridged (Alcoff & Gray-Rosedale, 1993). In order to make the process of reconciliation more sustainable, there should be considerable acknowledgement of the inherent capacity to weld social reunification on the institutional level with the individual recovery.

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Every government in the world strives to provide the best quality of health and social services to the citizens so that they can be more productive, hence improve their living conditions and the economy of their country. Each country must create, conserve and build up the intellectual, moral and physical vigour of its active generations and then prepare way for its future. Social services are a major component which must be included in the budget and should be allocated more funds as they are part and parcel of every citizen. Britain has put much effort and resources to ensure that there is proper management of its social services and has introduced quality standards that ensure there is improvement in service delivery with hope that everyone will be happy of these new changes.

Social services can be defined as the provisions made by the governmental or voluntary efforts to meet income maintenance, medical care, housing and recreational needs. Provision and maintenance of social services is the major responsibility of the government and the citizens in turn have to make proper use of these services These provisions must be of high quality because they will have an effect to every citizen in the country. Social services are an important feature of the British social life, as there is a commitment by the government and other stakeholders to manage them well so that the country can have a health, active and productive population. In 1935, the British government increased the social service expenditure to two million pounds, this was 53% of the total expenditure granted by the parliament. The expenditure was increased because of the prevailing conditions at that time. The failure to provide satisfactory premises with the necessary range of other professional skills and administrative services also held back the development of health care.
The health care has long been considered an essential element of good medical care. More than fifty years ago the Dawson Report (Ministry of Health) advocated setting up a national network of health facilities in the country Most importantly in 1946, the National Health Service Act made it a clear responsibility of local authorities to provide, equip and maintain buildings for general services, medical, dental and pharmaceutical. The government has spent a lot of money in improving and maintaining the social service sector in the country in order to cope with the changes and demand for them by the citizens. Some of the Social services provided by the government of Britain include;
a) Unemployment insurance
b) Compulsory state insurance
c) Compulsory health insurance
d) Provision for pensions
e) Workman’s compensation
f) Benefit scheme for employers

Critical Awareness of the Changing Approaches to Management in Health and Social Care Settings, Managerial and professionalism, professional work on patient and ethical considerations in provision of health and social services.

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